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CSS Selector Reference

CSS Selectors

In CSS, selectors are patterns used to select the element(s) you want to style.
The "CSS" column indicates in which CSS version the property is defined (CSS1, CSS2, or CSS3).
Selector Example Example description CSS
.class .intro Selects all elements with class="intro" 1
#id #firstname Selects the element with id="firstname" 1
* * Selects all elements 2
element p Selects all <p> elements 1
element,element div,p Selects all <div> elements and all <p> elements 1
element element div p Selects all <p> elements inside <div> elements 1
element>element div>p Selects all <p> elements where the parent is a <div> element 2
element+element div+p Selects all <p> elements that are placed immediately after <div> elements 2
[attribute] [target] Selects all elements with a target attribute 2
[attribute=value] [target=_blank] Selects all elements with target="_blank" 2
[attribute~=value] [title~=flower] Selects all elements with a title attribute containing the word "flower" 2
[attribute|=language] [lang|=en] Selects all elements with a lang attribute value starting with "en" 2
:link a:link Selects all unvisited links 1
:visited a:visited Selects all visited links 1
:active a:active Selects the active link 1
:hover a:hover Selects links on mouse over 1
:focus input:focus Selects the input element which has focus 2
:first-letter p:first-letter Selects the first letter of every <p> element 1
:first-line p:first-line Selects the first line of every <p> element 1
:first-child p:first-child Selects every <p> elements that is the first child of its parent 2
:before p:before Insert content before every <p> element 2
:after p:after Insert content after every <p> element 2
:lang(language) p:lang(it) Selects every <p> element with a lang attribute value starting with "it" 2
element1~element2 p~ul Selects every ul element that are preceded by a p element 3
[attribute^=value] a[src^="https"] Selects every a element whose src attribute value begins with "https" 3
[attribute$=value] a[src$=".pdf"] Selects every a element whose src attribute value ends with ".pdf" 3
[attribute*=value] a[src*="w3schools"] Selects every a element whose src attribute value contains the substring "w3schools" 3
:first-of-type p:first-of-type Selects every p element that is the first p element of its parent 3
:last-of-type p:last-of-type Selects every p element that is the last p element of its parent 3
:only-of-type p:only-of-type Selects every p element that is the only p element of its parent 3
:only-child p:only-child Selects every p element that is the only child of its parent 3
:nth-child(n) p:nth-child(2) Selects every p element that is the second child of its parent 3
:nth-last-child(n) p:nth-last-child(2) Selects every p element that is the second child of its parent, counting from the last child 3
:nth-of-type(n) p:nth-of-type(2) Selects every p element that is the second p element of its parent 3
:nth-last-of-type(n) p:nth-last-of-type(2) Selects every p element that is the second p element of its parent, counting from the last child 3
:last-child p:last-child Selects every p element that is the last child of its parent 3
:root :root Selects the document’s root element 3
:empty p:empty Selects every p element that has no children (including text nodes) 3
:target #news:target Selects the current active #news element (clicked on a URL containing that anchor name) 3
:enabled input:enabled Selects every enabled input element 3
:disabled input:disabled Selects every disabled input element 3
:checked input:checked Selects every checked input element 3
:not(selector) :not(p) Selects every element that is not a p element 3
::selection ::selection Selects the portion of an element that is selected by a user 3

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