CSS Pseudo-classes

Syntax

The syntax of pseudo-classes:

selector:pseudo-class {property:value;}

CSS classes can also be used with pseudo-classes:

selector.class:pseudo-class {property:value;}

Anchor Pseudo-classes

Links can be displayed in different ways in a CSS-supporting browser:

Example

a:link {color:#FF0000;} /* unvisited link */
a:visited {color:#00FF00;} /* visited link */
a:hover {color:#FF00FF;} /* mouse over link */
a:active {color:#0000FF;} /* selected link */

Try it yourself »

Note: a:hover MUST come after a:link and a:visited in the CSS definition in order to be effective!!
Note: a:active MUST come after a:hover in the CSS definition in order to be effective!!
Note: Pseudo-class names are not case-sensitive.

Pseudo-classes and CSS Classes

Pseudo-classes can be combined with CSS classes:

a.red:visited {color:#FF0000;}

<a class="red" href="css_syntax.asp">CSS Syntax</a>

If the link in the example above has been visited, it will be displayed in red.

CSS - The :first-child Pseudo-class

The :first-child pseudo-class matches a specified element that is the first child of another element.
Note: For :first-child to work in IE8 and earlier, a <!DOCTYPE> must be declared.

Match the first element

In the following example, the selector matches any element that is the first child of any element:

Example

<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
p:first-child
{
color:blue;
}
</style>
</head>

<body>
I am a strong man.
I am a strong man.
</body>
</html>

Try it yourself »

Match the first element in all elements

In the following example, the selector matches the first element in all elements:

Example

<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
p > i:first-child
{
font-weight:bold;
}
</style>
</head>

<body>
I am a strong man. I am a strong man.
I am a strong man. I am a strong man.
</body>
</html>

Try it yourself »

Match all elements in all first child elements

In the following example, the selector matches all elements in elements that are the first child of another element:

Example

<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
p:first-child i
{
color:blue;
}
</style>
</head>

<body>
I am a strong man. I am a strong man.
I am a strong man. I am a strong man.
</body>
</html>

Try it yourself »

CSS - The :lang Pseudo-class

The :lang pseudo-class allows you to define special rules for different languages.
Note: IE8 supports the :lang pseudo-class only if a <!DOCTYPE> is specified.
In the example below, the :lang class defines the quotation marks for q elements with lang="no":

Example

<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
q:lang(no) {quotes: "~" "~";}
</style>
</head>

<body>
Some text <q lang="no">A quote in a paragraph</q> Some text.
</body>
</html>

Try it yourself »

More Examples

Add different styles to hyperlinks
This example demonstrates how to add other styles to hyperlinks.
Use of :focus
This example demonstrates how to use the :focus pseudo-class.

All CSS Pseudo Classes/Elements

Selector	Example	Example description
:link	a:link	Selects all unvisited links
:visited	a:visited	Selects all visited links
:active	a:active	Selects the active link
:hover	a:hover	Selects links on mouse over
:focus	input:focus	Selects the input element which has focus
:first-letter	p:first-letter	Selects the first letter of every <p> element
:first-line	p:first-line	Selects the first line of every <p> element
:first-child	p:first-child	Selects every <p> elements that is the first child of its parent
:before	p:before	Insert content before every <p> element
:after	p:after	Insert content after every <p> element
:lang(language)	p:lang(it)	Selects every <p> element with a lang attribute value starting with "it"

Invigilators caught helping relatives during exams

HYDERABAD: The Chairman Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE) Hyderabad Abdul Aleem Khanzada, on Monday, detected four invigilators helping their sisters and daughters in cheating during Higher Secondary School Certificate Part-I and Part-II Annual Examinations 2012. According to a spokesman, the Chairman BISE Hyderabad caught these invigilators red handed during his surprise visit to examination centres of Tando Allahyar and Chambar along with his team members. While taking spot action, the Chairman BISE Hyderabad has relieved these four invigilators from the duty of conducting examinations. Besides, he also caught red handed 21 male and female candidates who were engaged in copying in the examinations. The other vigilance committees of the board which conducted surprise visits to Hyderabad, Shaheed Benazirabad, Matiari, Tando Allahyar, Tando Muhammad Khan, Badin, Thatta, Jamshoro and Dadu districts detected 144 male and female candidates engaged in copying during the

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